After hearing the sentence, Mossadegh was reported to have said with a calm voice of sarcasm: "The verdict of this court has increased my historical glories. Mossadegh envisioned an Iran that was independent, free and democratic. [26] In 1952, he was granted emergency powers by the Majlis which he used to diminish the amount of power the Shah held at the time. However, because he did not meet the legal age requirement, he withdrew his name from consideration. Declassified documents released by the CIA in 2017 revealed that – after the Shah had fled to Italy – CIA headquarters believed the coup to have failed. In January 1953, Mosaddegh successfully pressed Parliament to extend his emergency powers for another 12 months. After Britain's Royal Navy converted its ships to use oil as fuel, the corporation was considered vital to British national security and the company's profits partially alleviated Britain's budget deficit. [79] Some argue that while many elements of Mosaddegh's coalition abandoned him, it was the loss of support from Ayatollah Abol-Ghasem Kashani and another cleric that was fatal to his cause, reflective of the dominance of the Ulema in Iranian society and a portent of the Islamic Revolution to come. As Mosaddegh's political coalition began to fray, his enemies increased in number. He studied there for 2 years, returning to Iran because of illness in 1911. https://www.rtl2.de/sendungen/grip-das-motormagazin/team/niki-schelle [67] The minister of foreign affairs and the closest associate of Mosaddegh, Hossein Fatemi, was executed by order of the Shah's military court. As Mossadegh predicted, life under the tyrannical reign of Reza Shah was harsh and oppressive; in fact the political climate became so unbearable that he had good reason to fear for his life. Mohammad Mossadegh (en persan : محمد مصدق Écouter), né le 16 juin [1] 1882 à Téhéran et mort le 5 mars 1967 à Ahmadabad, est un homme d'État iranien.Il est le cofondateur du Front national iranien et Premier ministre par deux fois, de 1951 à 1952, puis de 1952 à 1953, date du renversement de son gouvernement par un coup d'État. There was a special focus on the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company and the heavy involvement of foreign actors and influences in Iranian affairs. With these powers, he decreed a land reform law that established village councils and increased the peasants' share of production. CIA supporters maintained that the coup was strategically necessary, and praised the efficiency of the agents responsible. The National Front—along with various Nationalist, Islamist, and socialist parties and groups[36]—including Tudeh—responded by calling for protests, assassinations of the Shah and other royalists, strikes and mass demonstrations in favor of Mosaddegh. [7], Mosaddegh's overthrow had a direct relationship with the creation of an Islamic revolution and the collapse of the Pahlavi government. "[46], The American position shifted in late 1952 when Dwight D. Eisenhower was elected U.S. president. Later, he returned to Europe and studied Law at the University of Neuchatel in Switzerland. Nevertheless, Reza Shah was always convinced that his sudden quirk of good fortune had commenced in 1919 with the birth of his so… The 17th Majlis convened in February 1952. Mossadegh voted against such a move, arguing that such an act was a subversion of the 1906 Iranian constitution. [39] This weakened the landed aristocracy, abolishing Iran's centuries-old feudal agriculture sector, replacing it with a system of collective farming and government land ownership, which centralized power in his government. Mosaddegh saw these reforms as a means of checking the power of the Tudeh Party, which had been agitating for general land reform among the peasants. Anyone who studies law and enters politics should be ready to suffer all types of slander and insults, she told him, yet A persons worth in society is dependent on how much one endures for the sake of the people. The nationalization law provides that 25% of the net profits on oil be set aside to meet all the legitimate claims of the company for compensation. [7], Mosaddegh was imprisoned for three years, then put under house arrest until his death and was buried in his own home so as to prevent a political furor. While en route to Tehran, he was asked by the people of Shiraz to become the governor of the Fars Province. حمید مصدق بهمن ۱۳۱۸ در شهرضا متولد شد. [78], The withdrawal of support for Mosaddegh by the powerful Shia clergy has been regarded as having been motivated by their fear of a communist takeover. This caused controversy within the organization and the CIA congressional hearings of the 1970s. [48][49][50][51] After the Eisenhower administration had entered office in early 1953, the United States and the United Kingdom agreed to work together toward Mosaddegh's removal and began to publicly denounce Mosaddegh's policies for Iran as harmful to the country. Unsurprisingly, many Iranians resented the company's privileges and demanded a fair share of its takings. Woodhouse, chief of the British intelligence station in Tehran, Britain's covert operations network had funneled roughly £10,000 per month to the Rashidian brothers (two of Iran's most influential royalists) in the hope of buying off, according to CIA estimates, "the armed forces, the Majlis (Iranian parliament), religious leaders, the press, street gangs, politicians and other influential figures". [44] Hamid Mosaddegh was close to the heart of Iranian people and his poems are understandable and easy to connect with for people of various ages and classes. "[33] An alternative account is offered by journalist Stephen Kinzer: Beginning in the early 1950s under the guidance of C.M. [11][12][13] When Mosaddegh's father died in 1892, his uncle was appointed the tax collector of the Khorasan province and was bestowed with the title of Mosaddegh-os-Saltaneh by Nasser al-Din Shah. Hamid Mossadegh präsentiert seine Top 3 der Kursgewinner - GRIP . This Abadan Crisis reduced Iran's oil income to almost nothing, putting a severe strain on the implementation of Mosaddegh's promised domestic reforms. [57] According to Dr. Donald N. Wilber, who was involved in the plot to remove Mossadegh from power, in early August, Iranian CIA operatives pretending to be socialists and nationalists threatened Muslim leaders with "savage punishment if they opposed Mossadegh," thereby giving the impression that Mossadegh was cracking down on dissent earlier than planned, and stirring anti-Mossadegh sentiments within the religious community. [21] In protest at the Anglo-Persian Treaty of 1919, he relocated to Switzerland, from where he returned the following year after being invited by the new Iranian prime minister, Hassan Pirnia (Moshir-ed-Dowleh), to become his minister of justice. Mohammad Mossadegh was born June 16, 1882 in Tehran. [83], Mirza Mohammad-Khan Mossadegh-ol-Saltaneh, Mohammad Mossadegh: Political biography by Farhad Dība, p. 4, The Cold War, 1945–1991: Leaders and other important figures in the Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, China, and the Third World by Benjamin Frankel. [25], On 28 April 1951, the Shah appointed Mosaddegh as Prime Minister after the Majlis (Parliament of Iran) nominated Mosaddegh by a vote of 79–12. On July 26, 1940, Reza Shahs police squad unexpectedly arrived at Mossadeghs residence, searching and ransacking his house. The Nations Martyr: Hossein Fatemi, Irans Young Foreign Minister, The Mossadegh Project :: Mohammad Mossadegh.com, Mossadeghs Biggest U.S. In June 1914 he became the first Iranian to receive a Doctorate in Law, and returned to Iran only a day before the start of World War I. Interests Section of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the United States, Public Affairs Alliance of Iranian Americans, Organization of Iranian American Communities, United States involvement in regime change, United States and state-sponsored terrorism, Opposition to military action against Iran, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Mosaddegh&oldid=1017278116, Deputies of Tehran for National Consultative Assembly, People who have been placed under house arrest in Iran, Iranian elected officials who did not take office, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Persian-language text, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with TDVİA identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, The figure of Mosaddegh was an important element in the 2003 French TV production, This page was last edited on 11 April 2021, at 21:34. The couple would have three daughters — Zia Ashraf, Mansoureh and Khadijeh; and two sons, Ahmad and Gholam-Hossein. "[69], Mossadegh was kept under house arrest at his Ahmadabad residence, until his death on 5 March 1967. [17] In June 1913, Mosaddegh received his doctorate and in doing so became the first Iranian to receive a PhD in Law from a European university. [34] Thus, in his statement asserting electoral manipulation by "foreign agents", Mosaddegh suspended the elections. Mohammad Mosaddegh[a] (Persian: محمد مصدق; IPA: [mohæmˈmæd(-e) mosædˈdeq] (listen);[b] 16 June 1882 – 5 March 1967) was an Iranian politician who served as the 35th Prime Minister of Iran, holding office from 1951 until 1953, when his government was overthrown in the 1953 Iranian coup d'état orchestrated by the United States' Central Intelligence Agency and the United Kingdom's MI6. [58] A referendum to dissolve parliament and give the prime minister power to make law was submitted to voters, and it passed with 99 percent approval, 2,043,300 votes to 1300 votes against. Two months later the AIOC evacuated its technicians and closed down the oil installations. Hossein Makki strongly opposed the dissolution of the parliament by Mossadegh and evaluated in the long run at his loss because with the closure of the parliament, the right to dismiss the Prime minister was made by the Shah. The highly sensitive Khadijeh was deeply traumatized and spent the rest of her life in psychiatric hospitals. Und einen davon will Luxusauto-Händler Hamid Mossadegh kaufen. Demonstrations erupted in Tehran after Mosaddegh's appointment, with crowds further invigorated by the speeches of members from the National Front. Another important consideration is that by the elimination of the power of the British company, we would also eliminate corruption and intrigue, by means of which the internal affairs of our country have been influenced.
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